SSO vs MFA: What they are, why you should use both

What is SSO?

Single Sign-On (SSO) is a user authentication system that allows individuals to access multiple applications and systems using a single set of login credentials. Instead of logging into each service separately, users sign in once and gain seamless access to all authorized resources.

Key features of SSO

• Streamlined access: Users only need one username and password, removing the need to manage multiple sets of credentials

• Centralized authentication: Login processes are managed through a central identity provider, which simplifies IT administration

• Improved user experience: Single sign-on reduces the frustration of juggling multiple passwords, improving productivity and minimizing login errors

  Dig Deeper: What Is SSO? The Complete Guide

What is MFA?

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism requiring users to verify their identity using multiple forms — or factors — of authentication. In most cases, this involves two or more of the following:

• Something you know: A password or PIN, for example

• Something you have: A physical device like a smartphone or security token

• Something you are: Biometric data, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or retina scans

Key features of MFA

• Layered security: Even if one factor is compromised, the attacker still needs additional factors to gain access

• Wide applicability: MFA can be implemented on virtually any system requiring authentication, from financial applications to cloud platforms

• Adaptability: Advanced MFA systems use behavioral analytics to change authentication needs based on context. They consider factors like time, location, user role, past behavior, and device profile.

  Dig deeper: What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)?

Using SSO and MFA together to improve security posture

Instead of choosing between SSO and MFA, organizations can combine these identity security methods. This creates a strong and complete authentication system. This hybrid approach provides both convenience for users and strong security for the organization at large.

Bringing SSO and MFA together offers defenders many benefits including:

• Enhanced security: MFA adds a critical layer of defense to the convenience of SSO

• Improved compliance: Many regulations require strong authentication methods, which the combination of MFA and SSO can effectively satisfy

• Better user experience: Simplified login processes paired with strong cybersecurity help reduce friction for end-users

• Organizational risk reduction: Compromised SSO credentials, a major security issue on their own, are rendered far less damaging when MFA is also in place

• Framework scalability: Organizations can readily adapt authentication policies as they grow, merge, or find themselves facing new security threats

Using MFA and SSO together typically starts with the deployment of context-aware authentication, such as requiring additional verification for especially high-risk activities. As SSO and MFA are used more in the organization, security teams can help. They can train employees on secure login practices.

They can also use adaptive authentication methods to change security needs as needed. Additionally, they should regularly check and monitor authentication logs. This helps find and stop suspicious activity.

Bringing SSO and MFA together: Combined use cases

Companies of different sizes and industries are finding new ways to use Single Sign-on and Multi-Factor Authentication. Some examples include:

SSO & MFA in the enterprise

A global manufacturing company has many cloud applications. It uses SSO to make access easier for its employees, contractors, and supply-chain partners.

To improve security, MFA is added to their SSO system. All users must verify their identity with a mobile app when accessing sensitive systems or data. This approach bolsters security while minimizing login complexity.

Additionally, the enterprise deploys conditional access policies, requiring stricter MFA measures when users log in from unfamiliar locations or devices.

The company goes beyond basic login security, using MFA for important tasks. This includes approving large financial transactions and accessing special accounts. This combination ensures that the organization maintains robust protection against both internal and external threats.

Small Business use of SSO/MFA

A mid-sized e-commerce company implements SSO to simplify access to its order management and customer service platforms.

The business knows it is important to protect payment and customer data, so it adds multi-factor authentication (MFA). This means employees must enter a one-time password (OTP) sent to their smartphones for all logins.

This low-cost solution provides strong protection without overburdening staff. Over time, the business also adopts biometric authentication for more critical workflows, further bolstering security.

Additionally, the e-commerce company integrates MFA with third-party logistics platforms, ensuring only authorized employees can schedule or modify shipments. This integration reduces operational risks while improving overall ease of use.

Conclusion

SSO and MFA are essential tools in the modern cybersecurity landscape, each addressing specific challenges. While SSO prioritizes convenience and efficiency, MFA provides robust protection against unauthorized access. But the reality is more nuanced than simply judging SSO vs. MFA.

When used together, these tried-and-true security controls offer a balanced approach that enhances security without sacrificing usability. By understanding the strengths — and the unique differences — of both approaches, organizations can develop an authentication strategy that meets their unique needs and protects their critical assets.

The combination of SSO and MFA boosts security. It also helps businesses stay agile and strong. This is important as their digital IT environments become more complex.

Whether you run a big company or a small business, using SSO and MFA is important. Training users on these tools helps your organization stay ready for today’s changing cybersecurity threats.